Stroke Game 3 ep.2/3: - SLICE Worldwide 2022

STROKE GAME

1 / 14 episodes

01
5
Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT , Tommy Andersson , Marc Ribo , Pasquale Mordasini , Arkadiusz Kacała , Lina Palaiodimou , Demetrius Lopes

Stroke Game 1: Isolated Cervical Occlusion Management complicated of hemodynamic failure - SLICE Worldwide 2021

01
Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT , Federico Cagnazzo , Wim van Zwam , Marc Ribo , Tudor Jovin , Johanna Fifi

Stroke Game 3 ep.1/3: - SLICE Worldwide 2022

Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT , Federico Cagnazzo , Marc Ribo , Tudor Jovin , Johanna Fifi

Stroke Game 3 ep.2/3: - SLICE Worldwide 2022

01
5
Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT , Federico Cagnazzo , Wim van Zwam , Marc Ribo , Tudor Jovin , Johanna Fifi

Stroke Game 3 ep.3/3: - SLICE Worldwide 2022

02
Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT , Federico Cagnazzo , Wim van Zwam , Marc Ribo , Pasquale Mordasini , Demetrius Lopes , CHRISTOPHE COGNARD , Jane Khalife , Alexander Salerno

Stroke Game 2: Very late stroke - SLICE Worldwide 2021

02
Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT , Demetrius Lopes , Eitan Abergel , CHRISTOPHE COGNARD , Francisco José Mont' Alverne

Stroke Game 1 ep.1/2: Pediatric Case - SLICE Worldwide 2022

02
Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT , Wim van Zwam , Demetrius Lopes , Eitan Abergel , CHRISTOPHE COGNARD , Francisco José Mont' Alverne , Johanna Fifi

Stroke Game 1 ep.2/2: Pediatric Case - SLICE Worldwide 2022

02
Vincent COSTALAT , Demetrius Lopes , Tudor Jovin , Mayank Goyal , Raul Nogueira , Johanna Fifi

Stroke Game 2 ep.1/3: Minor stroke patients - SLICE Worldwide 2022

02
Vincent COSTALAT , Demetrius Lopes , Tudor Jovin , Mayank Goyal , Raul Nogueira , Johanna Fifi

Stroke Game 2 ep.3/3: Minor Stroke - SLICE Worldwide 2022

02
Vincent COSTALAT , Demetrius Lopes , Tudor Jovin , Mayank Goyal , Raul Nogueira , Johanna Fifi

Stroke Game 2 ep.2/3: How to face an ICAD? - SLICE Worldwide 2022

03
CHRISTOPHE COGNARD , Eitan Abergel , Federica Rizzo , Javier Lagos Servellon , Marc Ribo , Pasquale Mordasini , Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT

Stroke Game 3: Posterior circulation stroke - SLICE Worldwide 2021

04
Davi Haddad , Fenne Vandervorst , Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Tommy Andersson , Vincent COSTALAT , Wim van Zwam

Stroke Game 4: Vertebral tandem occlusion - SLICE Worldwide 2021

05
Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT , Federico Cagnazzo , Wim van Zwam , Marc Ribo , Demetrius Lopes , Ameer Hassan , Franz Bozsak , Vedran Župančić , Hani Ridwan , Tommy Andersson , Tudor Jovin

Stroke Game 5: Failed Thrombectomy - SLICE Worldwide 2021

06
Greg Albers , Manuel Alberto Correia , Francisco José Mont' Alverne , Federico Cagnazzo , Mayank Goyal , Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Danijel Trajkovic , Tudor Jovin , Vincent COSTALAT , Wim van Zwam

Stroke Game 6 - SLICE Worldwide 2021

Stroke Game

Distal, medium-vessel occlusion thrombectomy – technical concerns

Distal, medium-vessel occlusions (DMVOs) are occlusions of the M2/3 middle cerebral artery, A2/3 anterior cerebral artery, and P2/3 posterior cerebral artery segments, and account for 25%–40% of all acute ischemic stroke cases. Their clinical outcomes with intravenous thrombolysis, which is the current standard of care, are moderate at best. With improving imaging technologies and a growing literature, DMVOs are increasingly recognized as a target for endovascular treatment (EVT)1,2.

What are the difficulties of a distal thrombectomy? 

Distal, medium vessels were not an initial target for endovascular mechanical thrombectomy procedures. Their longer, more tortuous access route and thinner arterial walls potentially increase risk of dissection, perforation, and vasospasm; and the smaller at-risk tissue volumes constrain potential reperfusion benefit1.

Medium-sized vessels can be too small to navigate with regular-sized aspiration or distal access catheters (DACs) and they often get stuck at the ledge of a bifurcation points.

Furthermore, using a primary combined approach (ie, the combination of stent retriever, aspiration catheter or DAC and balloon guide catheter), and advancing the system in a tri-axial manner, as it is commonly done for large vessel occlusions (LVOs), may not be possible because of insufficient catheter length and diameter discrepancies. 

To overcome this problem, comes a technique called “blind exchange mini-pinning technique” which consists in introduction of the microwire and microcatheter without  aspiration catheter/DAC. Once the microcatheter is in place, the stent can be deployed and the microcatheter removed before the aspiration catheter/DAC (appropriate to the size of the vessel) is navigated to the site of occlusion2.

As catheter technology has improved, endovascular devices, sufficiently small and navigable to be applied to DMVOs, have iteratively advanced. While initial stent retrievers had radial diameters of 6 and 4 mm, smaller devices have recently been released, including 3 mm (e.g., the Catch Mini, pREset LITE, Mindframe Capture LP, Trevo XP ProVue) and 2.5 mm (e.g., the Tigertriever 13). They can be deployed through a 0.017 inch and 0.013 inch microcatheter respectively. Some devices (e.g., Tigertriver) afford the operator to control the amount of radial opening using an adjustable slider1,2. Similarly, technical advances in thromboaspiration devices have increased suitability for the distal vasculature, including increased flexibility, less traumatic tips, and appropriate suction force (e.g., MIVI Q3, Q4, Q5, Penumbra 3MAX, 4MAX, JET D, Microvention Sofia 5F). Alternatively it is possible to use 0.027 inch microcatheter as an aspiration catheter. 

What type of anesthesia is recommended?

General anesthesia may have greater relative advantage compared with procedural sedation for EVT for DMVOs, as reduced patient movement facilitates catheter navigation to the more distal and fragile target arteries. However, concerns remain regarding the potential for general anesthesia to delay procedure start and lower blood pressure, impairing collaterals1.

Technique itself :

Initial DVO: M2 M3 P2 P3

1. Assess the patient clinically and split between pertinent and non-pertinent neurological deficit:

a. If non-pertinent deficit (f.ex. hypoesthesia) : STOP MT, go for best medical therapy

b. If pertinent deficit (f.ex. hemianopsia, speech disturbance): CONSIDER MT if there is salvageable tissue (evaluation based on perfusion study or clinical-radiological mismatch) – but take into account:

i. Experience of operator

ii. Anatomy

iii. Consent of the patient

àif benefit>risk: PERFORM MT

 

Secondary DVO (post LVO during thrombectomy due to clot fragmentation or clot remnants) 

1. Evaluate the neurological importance of the occlusion for the patient based on functional anatomy understanding and vascular collateral circulation

à If the branch is functional and benefit>risk: PERFORM MT*

à If the branch is non-functional and benefit

 

*consider that if DVO is caused by the clot migration due to IVT, the final outcome may be better compare to other DVOs

 


How to do it?

1. Put the patient under general anesthesia 

2. Take as much low profile materials as you can:

- 0.17 inch microcatheter

- Soft microwire

- Small aspiration catheter: 3 MAX or microcatheter 0.027 inch alone 

- Small stent-retrievers: 3 mm stent-retrivers (pRESET Lite, Tiger, Trevo, Eric,  Catch Mini)

- Triaxial/quadriaxial systems

3. Consider crossing the clot without microwire

4. Consider adding Milrinone/Nipodypine i.a

 

Some location based concerns:

- while using SAFE technique (the stent-retriever + aspiration catheter removed en-bloc with a thrombus trapped in between) control the position of your aspiration catheter when removing the system, so the aspiration catheter do not jump over the stent-retriever causing clot shearing 

 

- above sylvian point of MCA: MT become much more risky, consider aspiration only 

and i.a thrombolytics  

 

SUPERIOR TRUNK

INFERIOR TRUNK

Aspiration

Aspiration

Advantages:

  • No distal catheterization
  • No crossing of the clot
  • Faster
  • Cost-effective

Advantages:

  • No distal catheterization
  • No crossing of the clot
  • Faster
  • Cost-effective
  • Less curvatures, more straightforward segment – easier to reach the thrombus

Disadvantages:

  • More tortuous trunk - difficult to get clot kissing and risk of collapsing of the catheter
  • Risk of pushing the clot forward with catheter who jumps
  • Difficulties to reach the clot with microwire and aspiration solely (without stent-retriever anchoring) without crossing the clot

 

Disadvantages:

  • Risk of pushing the clot forward with catheter who jumps

 

Stent-retriever

Stent-retriever

Advantages:

  • Greater chance of reaching the front of the thrombus
  • Possibility to correct the angles

Advantages:

  • Straight, so good segment for stent-retriever
  • Possibility to correct the angles 

Disadvantages: 

  • Navigation of the wire in superior trunk is more tricky because of tortuosity
  • Higher traction and shearing forces

Disadvantages:

  • Higher traction and shearing forces (but less important than in superior trunk)



Literature:

  1. Saver, Jeffrey L., et al. "Thrombectomy for distal, medium vessel occlusions: a consensus statement on present knowledge and promising directions." Stroke 51.9 (2020): 2872-2884.
  2. Ospel, Johanna Maria, and Mayank Goyal. "A review of endovascular treatment for medium vessel occlusion stroke." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 13.7 (2021): 623-630.

 

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STROKE GAME

1 / 14 episodes

01
5
Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT , Tommy Andersson , Marc Ribo , Pasquale Mordasini , Arkadiusz Kacała , Lina Palaiodimou , Demetrius Lopes

Stroke Game 1: Isolated Cervical Occlusion Management complicated of hemodynamic failure - SLICE Worldwide 2021

01
Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT , Federico Cagnazzo , Wim van Zwam , Marc Ribo , Tudor Jovin , Johanna Fifi

Stroke Game 3 ep.1/3: - SLICE Worldwide 2022

Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT , Federico Cagnazzo , Marc Ribo , Tudor Jovin , Johanna Fifi

Stroke Game 3 ep.2/3: - SLICE Worldwide 2022

01
5
Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT , Federico Cagnazzo , Wim van Zwam , Marc Ribo , Tudor Jovin , Johanna Fifi

Stroke Game 3 ep.3/3: - SLICE Worldwide 2022

02
Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT , Federico Cagnazzo , Wim van Zwam , Marc Ribo , Pasquale Mordasini , Demetrius Lopes , CHRISTOPHE COGNARD , Jane Khalife , Alexander Salerno

Stroke Game 2: Very late stroke - SLICE Worldwide 2021

02
Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT , Demetrius Lopes , Eitan Abergel , CHRISTOPHE COGNARD , Francisco José Mont' Alverne

Stroke Game 1 ep.1/2: Pediatric Case - SLICE Worldwide 2022

02
Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT , Wim van Zwam , Demetrius Lopes , Eitan Abergel , CHRISTOPHE COGNARD , Francisco José Mont' Alverne , Johanna Fifi

Stroke Game 1 ep.2/2: Pediatric Case - SLICE Worldwide 2022

02
Vincent COSTALAT , Demetrius Lopes , Tudor Jovin , Mayank Goyal , Raul Nogueira , Johanna Fifi

Stroke Game 2 ep.1/3: Minor stroke patients - SLICE Worldwide 2022

02
Vincent COSTALAT , Demetrius Lopes , Tudor Jovin , Mayank Goyal , Raul Nogueira , Johanna Fifi

Stroke Game 2 ep.3/3: Minor Stroke - SLICE Worldwide 2022

02
Vincent COSTALAT , Demetrius Lopes , Tudor Jovin , Mayank Goyal , Raul Nogueira , Johanna Fifi

Stroke Game 2 ep.2/3: How to face an ICAD? - SLICE Worldwide 2022

03
CHRISTOPHE COGNARD , Eitan Abergel , Federica Rizzo , Javier Lagos Servellon , Marc Ribo , Pasquale Mordasini , Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT

Stroke Game 3: Posterior circulation stroke - SLICE Worldwide 2021

04
Davi Haddad , Fenne Vandervorst , Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Tommy Andersson , Vincent COSTALAT , Wim van Zwam

Stroke Game 4: Vertebral tandem occlusion - SLICE Worldwide 2021

05
Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Vincent COSTALAT , Federico Cagnazzo , Wim van Zwam , Marc Ribo , Demetrius Lopes , Ameer Hassan , Franz Bozsak , Vedran Župančić , Hani Ridwan , Tommy Andersson , Tudor Jovin

Stroke Game 5: Failed Thrombectomy - SLICE Worldwide 2021

06
Greg Albers , Manuel Alberto Correia , Francisco José Mont' Alverne , Federico Cagnazzo , Mayank Goyal , Shani Avnery Kalmanovich , Danijel Trajkovic , Tudor Jovin , Vincent COSTALAT , Wim van Zwam

Stroke Game 6 - SLICE Worldwide 2021

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